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1.2.2. Axle Assembly Process
1. Introduction of STR Series Middle and Rear Axles
SINTOTRUK has introduced Steyr series middle and rear drive axles from Europe,
combined China actual conditions, depended on market feedbacks, made many times of
technological improvements and formed two series products (such as normal STR and
Steyr HOWO) with several hundreds of types that are in dominant position in China
market.
Main features of Styre series middle and rear drive axles are to decelerate main reduction
spiral bevel gear and wheel planet reducer as well as have inter-wheel and inter-axle
differential locks.
Because wheel reducer has double reduction, the primary bevel gear pair is smaller, and
the whole vehicle ground clearance is large with good steering ability. Axle housing
section size designs have been enhanced to improve actual carrying capacities. Materials
are selected as steel sheet welding, cast iron and cast steel axle housing. Rated single
axle loads include two kinds such as 13,000kg and 16,000kg.
Originally, Styre series middle and rear drive axles are introduced with 13-ton and
1,800mm drive axle. Now, SINOTRUK has developed and improved them continuously to
meet the requirements of various vehicles.
2. Improvement of STR Series Middle and Rear Axles
1) Successful research and development of SHW axle can coordinate HW vehicle axle
configurations and develop STR-HC/ST16 Drive Axle with 1850mm track. (Axle housing
has been lengthened), the size of spring center distance has been lengthened with 60mm.
2) Depending on successful research and development of ST16 axle, SINOTRUK has
developed 16-ton STR-HC/ST16 Drive Axle to adapt to large tonnage vehicle axle
configurations. (Axle cross section has been enlarged), and dimensions have been
widened and thickened.
3) Successful research and development of cast axle housing. HC16 heavy duty cast
drive axle is a heavy duty drive axle that SINOTRUK has absorbed and drawn upon
design concepts of international heavy truck cast drive axle fully, adopt advanced design
methods and sophisticated manufacturing technologies with careful development and
production. The axle has stronger carrying capacity with deflection resistance and
reduced the leakage rate of whole axle greatly. Through strict bench tests and road test
verification, the product performances have been close to the international advanced
level.
The material of cast axle housing is unique. Experimental evidences proved that it can not
only have many good features of normal cast such as good castability, vibration, low notch
sensitivity, and higher impact toughness but also have excellent mechanical properties
that are comparable with steel. It can make axle housing adapting poor working conditions
such as large load and strong shock.
It has advanced three-section structure design of overall cast axle housing with higher
rigid and strength as well as stronger carrying capabilities.
3. Assembly Process of STR Series Middle and Rear Axles
1) Procedure 1: Axle housing assembly positioning as well as installation of upper and
lower arch clamp assembly
Operation Note:
At ventilation plug thread, smear 5699 to tighten it.
After smear 5699 around hexagon bolts at the junction surface of arch fixture clamp
assembly and axle housing, use cross recessed countersunk head screws to fasten them.
Procedure 1: Axle housing assembly positioning as well as installation of upper and lower
arch clamp assembly
2) Procedure 2: Installation of brake bottom plate assembly and half axle oil seal
Operation Note:
① Brake bottom plates for ST16 and non-ST16 axle housings shall not be mixed to install.
② Smear 242 thread locking adhesives at bolts and threads.
③ Heighten axle housing of oil level holes. Do not install any half axle oil seal.
Procedure 2: Installation of brake backplane assembly and half axle oil seal
3) Procedure 3: Installation of differential joystick and shift fork
Operation note: After set O-ring at joystick assembly, smear lubricating grease evenly at
O-ring. In assembling, do not damage O-ring.
Procedure 3: Installation of differential joystick and shift fork
4) Procedure 4: Installation of camshaft, camshaft bracket and brake adjusting arm
Operation note: Pay attention to any difference of left and right camshaft. Do not bump
camshaft. Handle them with care. Clamp ring must be clamped into camshaft slot.
Procedure 4: Installation of camshaft, camshaft bracket and brake adjusting arm
5) Procedure 5: Installation of brake shoe assembly
Operation note: ① Rotate brake clearance adjustment arm, and roller shall be turned
freely.
② Smear “Loctite 767 Anti-seize compound” at contact surface of wheel and brake shoe.
Procedure 5: Installation of brake shoe assembly
6) Procedure 6: Installation of spacing ring assembly and wheel hub bearings
Operation note: Installation of spacing ring. Install it at axle housing head with big bore
chamfer facing inward. Then, heat bearing inner ring to 100℃, and install it at axle head.
Do not heat bearings more than 100℃. There shall not be any clearance among spacing ring, bearing inner ring and punch installation.
Procedure 6: Installation of spacing ring assembly and wheel hub bearings
7) Procedure 7: Installation of rear hub, gear bracket and gear
Operation Note:
① Use a punch to install bearing inner ring in the end.
②The rotational resistance torque of hub shall be controlled in the range of 10±3Nm. Use
hands to rotate the assembly with soft feeling but no jamming.
③ Knock rear hub at designated site (rough hub surface between wheel bolts) to vibrate
bearing clearances. Before assembling hub assembly, use cotton to clean the surface of
spacing ring. Smear lubricating grease evenly at hub oil seal. There shall not any grease
at external end face.
④ Use a punch in oil seal assembly. Do not knock it directly. There shall be a clearance
between two disc oil seal surfaces. Do not reverse any oil seal position.
⑤ Tighten axle nuts, and tightening torque is 300-400Nm.
⑥ Pay attention to axle nut turning direction. The direction of right nut is clockwise and left
nut is opposite (anticlockwise). ⑦ After assembling, use locking pieces to lock axle nuts and identify them.
Procedure 7: Installation of rear hub, gear bracket and gear
8) Procedure 8: Installation of wheel reducer assembly
Operation Note:
① Set large seal ring in hub seal groove, and smear lubricating grease evenly at the
arrangement position of wheel reducer housing cavity. Use tools to press wheel reducer
housing at proper position. Then, install two countersunk head screws to fasten. Before
assembling wheel reducer housing, be careful to remove any bump burr.
② Pay attention to the position of hub vent hole. The position of wheel reducer housing
vent hole shall be opposite to it.
③ Countersunk head screw which connecting wheel reducer with hub must be installed in the end.
Procedure 8: Installation of wheel reducer assembly
9) Procedure 9: Installation of rear brake drum
Operation Note:
① Use a filler gauge to measure the clearance difference between two shoes and brake
drum at the same side. It is required not be more than 0.5mm. If there is any over
difference, replace brake shoe assembly.
② Countersunk head screws shall be installed in the end.
③ Vent holes of brake hub and wheel side shall be opposite.
④ There is an interlinked tank at the edge of brake hub.
Procedure 9: Installation of rear brake drum
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